Crisi energetica, aumenta il trasporto di gas via mare: ordini record per le navi
E’ scattata la caccia all’acquisto o all’affitto di navi metaniere e rigassificatori galleggianti. Il mercato internazionale degli idrocarburi è stato sempre condizionato dalla logistica, a partire dagli anni settanta con le petroliere che solcavano i mari cariche di ‘oro nero’ per arrivare ad oggi con le navi metaniere che portano il gas naturale liquefatto (Gnl) da un capo all’altro del globo.
In Europa, dove ogni singolo Paese sta accelerando per sganciarsi definitivamente dalle forniture di gas russo, si lavora non solo per l’approvvigionamento di Gnl dagli Stati Uniti ma anche da altre aree geografiche come ad esempio il Qatar e dall’Africa. La crescita esponenziale del trasporto di Gnl, insieme alla transizione verso carburanti marini alternativi, rappresentano una grande sfida per l’industria dei trasporti e per la forza lavoro del settore navale. Nel 2021 c’è stato il record di nuovi ordini per grandi navi metaniere: ben 88. Al mercato delle metaniere per il Gnl si affianca quello dei rigassificatori galleggianti (Fsru), terminali in grado di stoccare e rigassificare il gas naturale. A livello globale sono presenti oltre cinquanta navi, di cui pochissime ancora disponibili per essere acquistate o noleggiate. Negli ultimi mesi, in particolare in Europa, con la corsa a sganciarsi dal gas russo, si è scatenata una vera e propria caccia per riuscire ad accaparrarsi una di queste navi. In particolare cinque rigassificatori galleggianti sono riusciti ad aggiudicarseli in noleggio i tedeschi, due gli olandesi, e uno l’Estonia. L’Italia, attraverso la società Snam, ha acquistato due unità galleggianti che consentiranno di favorire una maggiore sicurezza e diversificazione degli approvvigionamenti energetici. Intanto procede spedito il piano di Eni per ridurre la dipendenza dell’Italia da gas russo. Tale operazione permetterà, secondo le stime, di sostituire circa 20 miliardi di metri cubi all’anno di gas russo entro il 2025 e a coprirne circa il 50% a partire dall’inverno 2022-2023, circa l’80% nel 2024 e il 100% nel corso del 2025.
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